![]() HandlingĬhromium compounds are toxic and should be handled with proper safeguards. Chromium compounds are used in the textile industry as mordants, and by the aircraft and other industries for anodizing aluminum. Other compounds are of industrial value lead chromate is chrome yellow, a valued pigment. The dichromates are used as oxidizing agents in quantitative analysis, also in tanning leather. The most important chromates are those of sodium and potassium, the dichromates, and the potassium and ammonium chrome alums. CompoundsĪll compounds of chromium are colored. The refractory industry uses chromite for forming bricks and shapes, as it has a high melting point, moderate thermal expansion, and stability of crystalline structure. Chromium gives glass an emerald green color and is widely used as a catalyst. It is mostly used in plating to produce a hard, beautiful surface and to prevent corrosion. UsesĬhromium is used to harden steel, manufacture stainless steel, and form many useful alloys. The metal is usually produced by reducing the oxide with aluminum. The principal ore is chromite, which is found in Zimbabwe, Russia, New Zealand, Turkey, Iran, Albania, Finland, Democratic Republic of Madagascar, and the Phillippines. Discovered in 1797 by the Frenchman Louis Nicolas Vauquelin. Chromium is a steel-gray, lustrous, hard metal that takes a high polish. This is described in more detail, separately fume associated with welding stainless steel Efficient local exhaust ventilation systems should normally be suitable for maintaining. Fumes from welding stainless steels may contain hexavalent chromium ions, depending on the process and any fluxes used. Martensitic alloy series formed by precipitation hardening.Ī duplex (both ferric and austenitic) alloy with excellent strength and corrosion resistance.Īn alloy similar to type 2205 in all respects except for a lower molybdenum content, leading to reduced pitted corrosion resistance.Chromium is used extensively in automobile trim as chromium metal because of its shiny finish and corrosion resistance.Ħ, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, −1, −2, −4 (depending on the oxidation state, an acidic, basic, or amphoteric oxide)įrom the Greek word chroma, color. Chromium in stainless steel welding fumes. ![]() This series contains some of the cheapest stainless steel, used for car exhausts, some higher grade cutlery steel, and some of the hardest stainless steel, used for replica swords and knives. Stainless steel with 12 chromium will be resistant to corrosion or rusting upon being exposed to the outside environment. This series of stainless steel is used for food utensils and surgical scrub sinks and instruments.įerritic and martensitic chromium alloy series. Contains the most popular grade of stainless steel, grade 304. This article will delve into the specific features and properties of 316 stainless steel in the following sections. Note that some of the types of stainless steel are described as 'austenitic', meaning that they are composed of the gamma allotrope of iron:Īn austenitic, general purpose stainless steel widely used in furniture.Īustenitic chromium-nickel-manganese alloy series used for general purpose metalwork.Īustenitic chromium-nickel alloy series. The typical elemental composition of 316 stainless steel is 69 iron, 1618 chromium, 1014 nickel, 23 molybdenum, 0.08 carbon, and trace amounts of other elements. Stainless steel has its own list of classifications, each of which will be explained in outline below. Since steel can be alloyed with an infinite number of combinations of alloying elements, a classification system has been developed to facilitate easy identification of the compounds used.
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